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Do dogs have cannabinoid receptors

Do Dogs Have Cannabinoid Receptors?

Written by: Dr. Kathryn Dench

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Time to read 9 min

Cannabidiol (CBD), a derivative of the cannabis plant, has been enjoying the limelight since 2018, when the U.S. Farm Bill legalized the production of hemp-derived CBD at the federal level. This is probably why you’ve seen it popping up all over your social media feed: CBD treats, oils, calming chews, shampoos—you name it. Have you ever caught yourself wondering, “Is CBD safe for my dog?” or “How does CBD even work?” You’re not alone.

About 50% of pet owners in the U.S. have tried CBD for their pets, especially their dogs. In the UK, on the other hand, the number is smaller, around 6%, but is growing quickly. With the pet CBD market booming, it’s important to know whether dogs even have the biological hardware to respond to CBD. That leads us to today’s big question: Do dogs have cannabinoid receptors? The short answer is yes.But there’s more to the story. Plus, understanding how CBD interacts with these receptors can help you make smarter decisions for your furry friend.

In this article, we will discuss in simple terms all you need to know about the cannabinoid receptors in dogs. We will cover the following;

  • The endocannabinoid system in dogs

  • Types of cannabinoid receptors in dogs

  • How plant-derived cannabinoids affect dogs

  • How to use CBD products safely

  • Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

The Endocannabinoid System in Dogs

Like people, healthy dogs have an endocannabinoid system (ECS). This essential network of receptors, endogenous cannabinoids, and enzymes helps regulate various physiological processes, including appetite, mood, pain, sleep, and even blood pressure. Think of it as your pup's in-built super regulator, constantly working behind the scenes to keep their body in balance. This unique system is found in most vertebrates, like mammals, birds, and fish.


So, what makes up the ECS? It consists of three components:

  1. Specialized sensors, i.e, the cannabinoid receptors

  2. Endogenous cannabinoids, namely, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)

  3. Their respective enzymes, including the fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase. These break down AEA and 2-AG, respectively.

Now let's take a closer look at the special sensors called cannabinoid receptors.

Cannabinoid Receptors in Dogs

Your dog’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) helps keep the body in balance by supporting functions like sleep, mood, pain control, inflammation, and the immune system. It includes different types of receptors, with CB1 and CB2 being the most studied.


CB1 receptors are mainly found in the brain and nervous system, but they also appear in other areas like the heart, digestive system, and immune system. CB2 receptors are mostly found in immune cells and related tissues. These receptors react to cannabinoids made by your dog’s body as well as those found in plants, helping the ECS work more effectively.


CB1 and CB2 receptors also respond differently to compounds like THC and CBD. THC attaches directly to CB1 receptors in the brain, which is what causes the "high" effect. CBD doesn’t attach in the same way. Instead, it seems to affect these receptors indirectly, possibly by changing their shape slightly in a way that helps the body’s own cannabinoids work better.

How Cannabinoids Affect Dogs

How Cannabinoids Affect Dogs

Dogs are much more sensitive to THC than humans because they have more cannabinoid receptors in certain areas of the brain and because THC is metabolized more slowly in dogs, predisposing them to potential marijuana toxicity. Even small amounts of marijuana can cause adverse effects like intoxication or poisoning, and may require emergency vet care. As cannabis products become more common, it’s important to choose only pet-safe, vet-approved options.


CBD, on the other hand, boasts several potential health benefits for your pup. Research suggests that it interacts with the ECS and may be beneficial for inflammation and pain management, as well as anxiety and seizure control. However, you must consult your vet for guidance on how CBD may affect your pup's health and the appropriate CBD dosing range for their age and size.

How to Use CBD Products Safely for Dogs

How to use CBD products safely for dogs

Choosing the right CBD product for your dog can feel overwhelming, especially with so many options online. But it gets easier once you know what to look for. Here are some simple tips to help you use CBD safely for your pup:

  • Choose pet-specific products specially formulated for dogs and cats.

  • Purchase products derived from organically grown hemp to ensure purity and efficacy.

  • Check the THC level. Products like Full-Spectrum (1,000mg) Happy-Furever™ CBD Oil with THC levels below 0.3% are your safest bet.

  • Be sure to get third-party lab-tested CBD products from reputable brands with clearly listed ingredients and dosing guidelines.

  • Start low and go slow when it comes to CBD dosing.

  • Watch your pet for side effects like lethargy, drooling, or gastrointestinal tract problems, and consult your veterinarian for appropriate treatment if anything feels off.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Do all dogs have cannabinoid receptors?

Yes, all mammalian species, including dogs, have cannabinoid receptors. These are a special group of sensors that comprise the endocannabinoid system, along with endogenous cannabinoids and their respective enzymes. These special sensors include CB1 and CB2 receptors.

Can CBD get my dog high?

No, CBD is non-psychoactive and cannot get your dog high. However, formulations containing THC, the psychoactive component of the cannabis plant, interact with your dog's cannabinoid receptors and can cause marijuana intoxication, making them dangerous to your pup.

Is it safe to give my dog CBD oil?

Generally, yes, CBD oil is safe for dogs. However, remember to use only high-quality, THC-free products specially formulated for pets. Additionally, always consult a vet before starting your pup on CBD oil. Start low and go slow during the first time CBD oil use and watch your pet for potential side effects like lethargy, drooling, diarrhea, vomiting, and rapid breathing.

Conclusion

Yes, dogs do have cannabinoid receptors. Like humans, their bodies have an endocannabinoid system that helps regulate important functions like mood, inflammation, and pain management.


CB1 receptors are mostly found in the brain and nervous system, while CB2 receptors are mainly in the immune system. Although similar in structure, they respond differently to compounds like CBD and THC.


Because dogs have more cannabinoid receptors in certain parts of the brain, they are more sensitive to THC, which can lead to serious health problems. That’s why it’s important to choose high-quality, pet-specific CBD products made from hemp, and always talk to your vet first.


When used properly, CBD may offer benefits for pain relief, anxiety, and overall well-being, especially in aging pets.

Dr. Kathryn Rosalie Dench, MA VetMB MRCVS

Dr. Kathryn Rosalie Dench

With nearly two decades of experience, Cambridge veterinarian Dr. Kathryn Dench is dedicated to enhancing animal health through holistic practices. A member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, she focuses on preventive care over traditional methods, particularly for long-term wellness solutions in pets suffering from anxiety and chronic conditions. As Chief Scientific Advisor at Paw Origins, she champions holistic strategies and education to revolutionize pet care practices.

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How does CBD Happy-Furever™ work?

CBD, or cannabidiol, is a compound found in cannabis plants. Happy-Furever's Full-Spectrum CBD, is a formulation that contains not just CBD but also a range of other cannabinoids, terpenes, and phytochemicals found in the cannabis plant.


The Entourage Effect:

  • Happy-Furever’s Full-Spectrum CBD benefits dogs through something known as the "entourage effect."
  • This effect suggests that CBD, when combined with other cannabis compounds, works more effectively than it would on its own. The various components of the cannabis plant work in synergy to enhance the therapeutic effects of each other.
  • In other words, the full spectrum of cannabinoids, including a safe level of THC (below 0.3%), terpenes, and other cannabis constituents, work together to bolster the beneficial effects on your dog's health.

Dog’s Endocannabinoid System:

  • Dogs, like humans, have an endocannabinoid system (ECS). This complex network of receptors (CB1 and CB2 receptors) and endogenous chemicals is responsible for maintaining balance and healthy functioning within the body.
  • It regulates and influences a variety of physiological processes including mood, appetite, pain sensation, and the immune system response.

How CBD Benefits Dogs:

  • When CBD is introduced to a dog’s body, it interacts with the ECS, specifically the cannabinoid receptors. CBD influences them indirectly and increases the levels of endocannabinoids in the body. This can lead to various health benefits, such as:

  • Reducing Anxiety: CBD has been shown to help reduce anxiety in dogs, which can be beneficial in various stressful situations like thunderstorms, fireworks, or separation from owners.

  • Pain Relief : It can offer pain relief, particularly in cases of inflammation, arthritis, or neuropathy.

  • Anti-inflammatory Properties: CBD may help in reducing inflammation throughout the body, which is especially beneficial for dogs with inflammatory conditions.

  • Supporting Neurological Health:  CBD is also believed to provide neuroprotective effects, which can help senior dogs with cognitive dysfunction syndrome (similar to Alzheimer’s in humans) or help in managing seizures.

  • Boosting Overall Wellness: By promoting homeostasis, CBD can generally enhance the overall well-being of dogs, supporting healthier joints, skin, and fur.

It's important to note that while Full-Spectrum CBD has potential benefits, it should be used responsibly and always start at a lower dosage before increasing with time, as dogs may be sensitive to oils in general. Always ensure the CBD product is of high quality and specifically formulated for pets to avoid harmful additives and ensure proper dosage (just like Happy-Furever, ensure there's a Certificate of Analysis).

My dog is on medication, can I still use this?

If you are considering adding CBD Happy-Furever™ to your dog's health regimen and they are currently on medication, while it's safe to do so, here are some considerations to keep in mind!


Complementary Use:

  • CBD is not a prescription medication; it is a supplement. Many pet owners have found it beneficial to use CBD Happy-Furever™ alongside their dog’s existing medications.
  • It is crucial, however, to understand that CBD should not be used as a substitute for prescribed medications unless specifically directed by a veterinarian. With that being said, you can undoubtedly use CBD to wean off the use of certain medications like anxiety medication or NSAIDs (painkillers/anti-inflammatory medication).

Veterinary Guidance:

  • Not all veterinarians may be fully aware of the potential benefits of CBD as vets are not allowed to prescribe CBD Oil as it's not considered a prescription drug, and many vets would rather just adopt a 'do no harm' approach to protect their patients and their practice.
  • Therefore, when discussing CBD with your vet, it's helpful to come from a place of seeking guidance rather than expecting them to advocate for its use.
  • This approach allows you to take responsibility for the choice while seeking their professional insight on how to do so safely.

CBD and Medication Interactions:

  • Understanding the interaction of CBD with other medications is crucial. CBD is a known competitive inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in the liver, which metabolizes many pharmaceuticals.
  • This means that if your dog is on medication, CBD could lead to the effect of 'potentiation', where the drugs become more effective, stronger, or last longer than intended.
  • This can be beneficial as it allows for lower dosages, reduced side-effects and enhanced therapeutic outcomes due to the synergistic effects of CBD and medications.

Administration and Dosage:

  • Always administer CBD separately from your dog's medications to avoid immediate interactions.
  • This means giving them at different times of the day.
  • Also, never consider CBD a complete replacement for traditional treatments, especially in urgent situations that require medical intervention.

To sum up, while CBD Happy-Furever™ can be a valuable addition to your dog's wellness routine, it is important to keep these considerations in mind, and should you want to approach your vet, always approach with the frame of taking responsibility so that they feel safe to advise you on how to proceed.


We have had many breakthroughs and case studies of dog owners using CBD Happy-Furever™ with their sick and ailing dogs that are on medication, and the transformations are amazing!